Sports Organizations Essay Example for Free

Sports Organizations Essay Sports has become a very important part of every social being(Gerdy, 2002). The levels of involvement of people in sports has increased tremendously (Chak, 2003). Sports is defined as any activity that has specific rules that define how it is played and the main reason in engaging in such activities is to win (Gerdy, 2002). Sports has developed so much that sports organization have been forced to develop system that will help them engage in the competition that exists both in and out of the fields (Chak, 2003). Information technology especially the use of internet has come out as some of the most commonly used avenues through which such organizations can meet their objectives (Guttmann, 2007). The clubs have developed into money making organizations that have become so much absorbed into commercialization and financial practices that separating them from profit making organization is not an easy task (Norlin, 2002). Professionalism in sports has developed greatly due to increased mass media coverage that has made the games available to a wider audience, improvements in technology which have made the transmission of the games in a clear form to a larger audience and increase in incomes levels that has allowed a large number of people to engage in sports as leisure (Chak, 2003). Traditionally, sports is a social event where communities come together and join each other to celebrate (Chak, 2003). The nature of sports is thus voluntary from the very start in that the members of the community are free to chose whether or not they wanted to join in the games (Chak, 2003). Clubs and organization have embraced the principles of free will and there are many clubs and sports organization where members are free to join ad leave at their own will. Web Presence Web presence is a social definition of a website which is a collection of files stored in a database that are made available through the internet through specific universal resource locators (URL) addresses (Chak, 2003). The owner of the sites are responsible for updating the field and upgrading the data depending on the data policies (Chak, 2003). The files that contain data kept in the sites are only accessible to the administrator though there are situations where the sites are made to be as proactive and dynamic as possible through the aid of scripting languages and the use of programming languages that allow for dynamic programming in designing the websites (Chak, 2003). The dynamism associated with this kind of programming provide the web visitors with an interactive interface through which they can interact with the databases (Norlin, 2002). Professional Real Madrid The official site of the professional club based in Europe can be accessed through the URL http://www. realmadrid. com/cs/Satellite/en/Home. The site is comprehensive and contains lots of facts including the latest article, fixtures and results. The site is quite navigable and provides the option of either using English or Spanish. The sites provide a number of intra-page links to some of the issues and subjects that any sports fan could be interested in. The page uses colorful pictures and story heads which blend effectively to create a good visual impression. The site is updated twice in a week and is accessible as it uses the hypertext transfer protocol (http) that is implemented by most browsers and requires no additional plug-ins to be able o assess the homepage fully. The promoters of the club are also included in the clubs official site. The last date of update of the site is also included in the site. The site provides the capabilities of redirection to live matches and match casts and provides an efficient dialog box that is easily typed on for unstructured search. The speed of the searches and the nature of the response is effective in dealing with the user navigation requirements. Boston Celtic The official site of the professional basketball club based in North America can be accessed through the URL http://www. nba. com/celtics/. The language used is English and the site presents links to a number of articles. The page provides an interactive platform for interaction between the users who are allowed to vote on who they consider to be the player whose impact will be greatest. The results and fixtures of the club including the clubs best scorers and relevant statistic of the game have also been included. The site provides links to live coverage of games and to software that make access live streaming of game easier. Pictures and graphic that relate to the club have been included in the page and is then included are. The sponsors of the club have clearly been displayed in the sites, the fans can buy tickets and read the previews to a game through this site. The site provides links to contacts, fans and history of the team. Furthermore, the site provides the functionality for searching article and information that relate to the club through a dialog box. Club Atletico Boca Juniors The South American club official site can be accessed through the URL http://www. bocajuniors. com. ar/english/. The site is provided in English and has both text and graphics. The site has no link to the fans and the home page does not show any results. Navigation is easy though access to some resources have been restricted by the use of user names and passwords. The site also provides a platform for interaction with the fans as they are allowed to vote. Though the site is in English Spanish phrases and words can be seen in their pages. The date of last update does not appear anywhere in the page. Compared to the first two the site is less superior and has low visual appeal. Voluntary Bexley Athletic Club The club can be accessed through the URLhttp://www. bexleyac. co. uk/. The homepage has a short history of the club and provides links to other areas of interest. The links to results, records and statistics are such that if the user the user has to be extra careful to identify them. The page cannot be displayed fully if additional plug-ins have not been downloaded. The only form of interaction that the site has with the fans is a link that leads to a page that allows the users to shop on-line. The Sports Club/LA It is located in Boston, Massachusetts. Their official site can be accessed through the URLhttp://www. thesportsclubla. com/clubs/template. asp? Club=boston. The page can be opened by any browser and does not need additional plug-ins to display the content. Simplicity describes the homepage as it has the front view of the club followed by a short description of the facilities provided by the club. The external links are very few and the links to other pages though clearly displayed do no give the website visitors a chance to interact with either the site or other member of the club. The search functionality is aimed at getting the user to navigate to other clubs and does not in anyway help the user get information about the club. Castle Sports Club The official website can be accessed through the URL http://www. castlesportsclub. com/. The homepage is covered in texts and lacks in visual impression. There is no avenue for interaction with the site and the article are based on topics that could be of interest to members and those contemplating joining the club but not for the fans who may wish to find out more about their club. The page is full of news and does not in any way provide a searching mechanism, moreover the date of last modification of the site has not been indicated. Differences The are a key difference in the manner in which the professional and the voluntary sports franchise implement their websites. The functionality provided by the professional cites is of a much higher degree. The sites are fast and quite attractive they focus more on the aspects that an ordinary user could be interested in. The pages compared to the voluntary franchise have better links and can be opened without necessarily having to add additional plug-ins. The statistics posted by the professional franchise are focussed more on performance while those posted by the voluntary sports franchise focus more on skills and levels of development (Potts, 2007). The voluntary clubs have links to articles that relate more to social events while the professional clubs have links that are focussed more focussed on performance. The professional clubs present more dynamic websites that allow for interaction not only between the club and its fan but also within the fan base; voluntary sports organizations lack on this aspect as their websites are rarely interactive and if they are they provide limited functionality. Another major difference is the use of graphics: The professional franchise websites use more graphics than the voluntary sports organizations. The graphics in the professional sports franchise are aimed at bringing the feel of belonging and is often include images of players and glory moments. The voluntary sports franchise on the other hand have websites that rarely load images and if they do the images address issues that are of a social dimension.

Does “Assassin’s Creed” Influence a Teen’s Mind Essay Example for Free

Does â€Å"Assassin’s Creed† Influence a Teen’s Mind Essay Imagine a world where everything that happened was secretly controlled by a large organization of people. Every day you are constantly recorded and monitored. Everything that you do is secretly planned out in advance, yet you think that everything you’re doing is by your own free will. Everyone including your family, your friends, and the government are all controlled by this organization, and you can’t even tell. While you blithely and involuntarily follow the path planned out for you, another organization is secretly and quietly trying to put a stop to the evil plans of the organization that wants to control your every move. This is the plotline of a very popular videogame known as Assassin’s Creed. Assassin’s Creed is a great game that has influenced and challenged people’s view on government and democracy. The game Assassin’s Creed influences people’s minds by making them think more outside the box, and by aiding there curiosity of conspiracy theories. Assassin’s Creed take places in 2012, following the life of Desmond Miles, a bartender who is a descendant of several Assassins. Although Desmond was raised as an Assassin, he fled his nomadic family to seek out a more common lifestyle. While enjoying his freedom he is kidnapped by an evil company known as Abstergo Industries, the modern-day face of the Knights Templar who are aware of Desmonds ancestry. Templars want to control everyone, and they believe in absolute order similar to totalitarianism. Desmond is forced to use a device known as an Animus which allows him to experience his assassin ancestral memories. Abstergo is seeking to discover the location of several artifacts, known as Pieces of Eden, in order to obtain great power and control mankind and alter its fate, bringing humanity into a single unified group. Later Desmond escapes Abstergo due to the help of some modern-day Assassins who he later ends up working with. Desmond uses their version of the Animus (Animus 2.0) to continue to re-live the memories of his ancestors and discover the locations of the Pieces of Eden before Abstergo can do so. Desmond relives the events of his Assassin ancestors who live in worlds full of chaos, injustice, and indirect captivity. Doesn’t this seem similar to the way the world is today? Several countries have yet to establish a government system where people have a say in what they want the government to do for them. There are even more countries that have yet to abolish their governing laws on slavery. Our own government is hiding secrets from us (trying to protect us), yet causing more accidents and tragedies that could be avoided if only we had access to their classified information. Assassin’s Creed is a completely made up story, but it has a lot of interesting and intuitive facts to its plot. In fact, the majority of it seems plausible, and many others within my age group seem to think the sa me after playing this game. Along with the several games that my peers play that can relate to Assassin’s Creed, there are also several books that are similar. Assassin’s Creed got its inspiration from the novel Alamut written by a Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol, which is what inspired most of the first game’s plot. Another story very similar to the plotline of Assassin’s Creed is The Traveler written by John Twelve Hawks. The book takes place in the future and lays out a world where the power lies not with people or governments, but in the hands of a secret organization who call themselves â€Å"the Brethren.† Their enemies refer to them as â€Å"the Tabula†. The Tabula are an ancient secret society who thinks that control and stability are an absolute necessity, similar to extreme Utilitarianism. The Tabula gets the majority of their influence from the ideas of philosopher Jeremy Bentham. The Tabula wish to enforce a Virtual Panopticon which is a society where all i ndividuals become accustomed to being watched and monitored and they act at all times as if they are being observed; making them more afraid to do immoral things. The Tabula’s sole objective is to kill all Travelers. Travelers are people with the special ability to â€Å"cross-over†, which is often inherited from an ancestor. Crossing-over can be defined as your spirit leaving your body and going off to another realm, and then returning. Upon this return, most Travelers would have experienced a different perspective of our world. Many Travelers become religious prophets, or enemies of the Tabula who have hunted them almost to extinction. Harlequins are a warrior group sworn to defend the Travelers from the Tabula. The Harlequins are opposed to the Tabula, and the two sides spent centuries fighting over control and power which allowed the Tabula to gain control and almost completely exterminate the Travelers and Harlequins. Despite the nobility and self-sacrifice of their cause, the Harlequins are cold and cruel figures who dedicate their lives to fighting and killing without remorse or hesitation. Sound familiar? Due to its graphic, plausible, and suspenseful storyline, Assassins Creed has become a big hit to gamers, historians, and conspiracy theorist alike; causing them to have a current series of five games in all, selling millions of copies worldwide. The series has been a big success and has won a number of awards. All of the Assassin’s Creeds make an adolescent see the world they live in differently. I wouldn’t even have considered governmental control, Templars Tabula, or Assassins Harlequins as being realistic, but now I’m starting to have second thoughts (I also know of several friends in the same state as me). Reading books similar to The Traveler and playing videogames similar to Assassin’s Creed makes one think a little more outside the box and take into consid eration other conspiracy theories and stories.

Employment Law Problem Question

Employment Law Problem Question Title: EMPLOYMENT LAW : In undertaking this essay, the writer will; identify the issues involved in Julia’s case scenario, define and explain those issues using relevant Law whilst applying them to Julia’s case. The writer will subsequently advice Julia and then conclude. The legal issues identified in Julia’s case are; contract of employments and their variation, victimisation, wage deduction, breach of contract and available remedies such as unfair dismissal, constructive dismissals and wrongful dismissal. ‘A contract of employment is an agreement entered into by an employer and an employee under which they a have certain mutual obligations. They may be oral or written and may be indefinite or for fixed terms’[1]. There’ an offer and acceptance supported by consideration. Offer usually coming from the employer and acceptance may be by conduct i.e. turning in for work[2]. It follows that Julia entered into a contract of employment on turning up to work with Silkos in March 2004. The holiday term may not have been agreed by her at this time but where there is ambiguity as to the contract, the courts look at an advertisement and letter of appointment to spell out terms of the contract or to decide terms agreed as in Deeley v British Rail Engineering ltd[3] (and Pedersen b Camden London Borough)[4]. Julia may rely on the advertisement and any willing witnesses to their agreement on the issue of holiday. Practice of the parties are relevant to the courts, In Dunlop Tyres Ltd v Blowers[5], the practise of paying treble time existing over 30 yrs were considered. The law requires that a written statement of terms be given to the employee within two months of starting work (as provided by The Contracts of Employment act 1973 and employment protection rights act 1996 (ERA)). Julia’s employer breached this rule, by being a month late to provide the statement, and only after Julia’ grievance process. The statement must contain names of employer and employee, date of commencement of employment, brief description of the work, remuneration details, holidays, sickness coverage, pension rights, notice, disciplinary process e.t.c To vary any contract there must be express or implied consent from both parties but it must be supported by consideration. Conduct may suffice from employee working under altered conditions. Flexibility clauses such as ‘the employee will perform such duties as are from time to time assigned to him by the board of directors or managing director’[6] are to legally aid employers and employees in varying terms without legal problems, without these clauses, Donaldson LJ’s remarks in Janata Bank ldt v Ahmed[7], that ‘the continuously changing contract is unknown to law’[8] Establishing variation is important and different from ending a contract, if an employer on his own enforces a variation without an employees consent, he breaks the contract of employment, and the employee is free to choose whether to accept the fundamental breach, and resign, or to carry on working and seek damages as was the case in Burdett-coutts v Hertfordshire[9]; Rigby v Ferodo ltd[10]. Julia may decide to end her employment this way as she may argue that she had not consented to the holiday term and the deduction/variation of her wages and working conditions. It was held in these cases- Jones v associated Tunnelling Co. ltd[11]; Courtaulds Northern Spinning Ltd v Sibson and TGWU[12]; Aparau v ICELAND Frozen Foods plc[13] that failing to object to disadvantageous statement of terms is not acceptance of them especially where the terms are of no immediate practical importance. It suffices that even though Julia has been silent on the issue of the four week holiday, she has not accepted the term, but her conduct may imply that she consents. for example, she has worked for two years and must have taken annual holidays, this may be viewed as consent but she could still argue that she was not able to start another grievance process because she is feels victimised having done so in the past. If terms are not agreed, the tribunal may confirm details given, amend or replace contract terms by substituted particulars as held in Mears v Safe car Security Ltd[14] and supported by the EPCA 1978, s 11, this power cannot be extended to holiday, holiday pay, sick pay, pensions or disciplinary rules where none existed by agreement between the parties because there is no requirement to include this in the contract, as held in England v British Telecommunications plc[15]. Julia is still protected by her statutory rights regarding these benefits. If a deduction of wage has been made without employee’s consent, this is regarded as a fundamental breach of contract and termination of the same as held in Hogg v Dover College[16]. Following this, the Julia may claim termination if her wage has been deducted without her consent. In Horrgan v Lewisham London Borough Council[17], Arnold J,said: ‘It is fairly difficult†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..and it is very necessary if one is to do so, to have very solid facts which demonstrate that it was necessary to give business efficacy to the contract,†¦. way of variation’[18].Silko’s may rely on this provision but will fail on the manner in which they are seeking to make the variation. In Marriot v Oxford and District Cooperative Society[19], Lord Denning MR found that ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. By insisting on new terms to which he never agreed, the employer did..†¦. terminate the old contract of employment’. ‘†¦.case law suggests that employers must make it clear that he is terminating one contract and offering another, otherwise there is a risk that the employee can claim in the courts of tribunals’ rights forgone under the old arrangement’[20]. It is arguable that by seriously changing the terms of Julia’s wages and responsibility, the employer may have brought an end to her employment. In Sheet Metal Components ltd v Plumridge[21], Sir John Donaldson said; ‘ the courts have rightly been slow to find that there has been a consensual variation where an employee has been faced with the alternative of dismissal and where the variation has been adverse to his interests’, the same is the situation in Norwest Holst Group Administration Ltd v Harrison[22].Julia may strongly rely on these provisions. In Burdett-Coutts v Hertfordshire County Council†¦ an employer may end a contract by breach when seeking to vary the terms; the courts may interprete this as dismissal. The House of Lords in Rigby v Ferodo Ltd[23]established that the employee must consent to termination, and reduction of wages is not automatic termination. Also in Miller v Hamworthy Engineering Ltd[24] . It is therefore advisable for employers to give proper notice to terminate one contract, before offering another, not doing so-as in Julia’s case- carries risk of an employee claiming for unfair dismissal. ‘It is implied into a contract of employment that an employer will provide and monitor for employees, so far as is reasonably practicable, a working environment that is reasonably suitable for the performance by them of their contractual duties’[25]. So in Waltons and Morse v Dorrington[26] it was held that an employer must not act in such a way as no reasonable employer would act’[27]. This case is supported by Clark v Nomura International plc[28], and Johnston v Bloomsbury Health Authority[29] and walker v Northumberland county council[30]. It appears that the employer has breached this implied contract term by ‘copying’ Julia’s grievance issue. It is also implied into a contract of employment that an employer must take any action having regard to avoid ‘either imposing workload on the employee or acquiescing in the assumption by the employee of workload that was reasonably foreseeable may cause physical or mental injury’ Marshall specialist vehicles ltd. V Osborne[31]. This is clearly breached by increasing the expectation to meet the same targets with less number of people in her team e.t.c. Express and implied terms must be capable of coexistence in the contract without conflict (Johnstone v Bloomsbury Health Authority[32], Aspen v Webs Poultry and meat group (Holdings) ltd[33].Julia’s express term of three week holiday is not in compliance with her statutory right to a four week minimum, as other implied terms can be excluded except if there is any statutory restraint, such as the rights to guarantee pay, equal pay, notice and maximum working hours. Section 27 of the ERA 1996 defines ‘wages’ as any sums payable by the employer to the worker in connection with the employment including ‘any fee, bonus, commission, holiday pay or other emolument referable to his employment, whether payable under his contract or otherwise’[34].. A deduction of wages includes a failure or refusal to pay the amount agreed to be paid in exchange for employee’s work, Delaney v Staple[35] regardless of reason McCree v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council[36]. Even though Silko’s will breach the employment contract between her and Julia’s if her wages are deducted for valid economic reason. They must seek her consent in written form to obtain deduction. In Discount Tobacco and Confectionery Ltd v Williamson[37] ,a retail case where it is permissible to reduce only a tenth of their daily wages with consent on missen items in the shop,It was held that the employers could deduct only in relation to the last event where consent was given. Potter v Hunt Contractors ltd[38] and Fairfield ltd v Skinner [39] It is illegal to contract out of this provision. The working Time regulation 1998 came into force on 1 October 1998 and was designed to achieve, ‘a better balance between work and home’, ‘greater choice over hours of work’ and ‘improvement in health’[40].Regulation 13 of provides annual leave of four weeks minimum. It allows a worker to complain if he suffers action short of dismissal for pursuing his entitlement, and unfair dismissal is also available on the same principle. Julia may pursue her holiday rights following this. According to Sex Discrimination Act 1975,s4(1)’ RRA 1976, s 2(1)’Unlawful victimisation arises where a person is treated less favourably because he; brings proceedings, gives evidence or information, alleges a contravention or otherwise acts under the equal pay, sex discrimination or race relations acts or intends to do any of these things’[41]. To succeed in a claim of victimisation the applicant must show that one of the acts above done by the applicant-such as bringing an earlier complaint of discrimination- has influenced the alleged victimiser in his unfavourable treatment of the applicant as was held in Aziz v Trinity Taxis ltd[42]. In Nagarajan v London regional transport[43] , His motives are unimportant according to the House of Lords. Julia may seek redress under this provision on the basis that she was victimised because she instigated grievance proceedings in trying to assert her rights to her statement of particulars. She was made aware of her disadvantage for asserting these rights. In Lindsay v alliance and Leicester plc[44], a person had made an application for promotion and had instituted a grievance on grounds unconnected with the Race Relations Act 1976. Chief constable of west Yorkshire police v khan[45] and commissioners of Inland Revenue v Morgan[46]. According to the acas paper, ‘consultation on the draft employment equality (age) regulations 2006 (July 2005)[47], firstly an action is taken, such as a complaint or allegation and secondly the person is treated less favourable because of such an action. Julia qualifies to claim victimisation on the basis of this provision. Clearly, there have been significant breaches in Julia’s employment with Silko’s in ; her statutory rights to receive statement of particulars within two months, holiday rights, potential variation/termination of her contract with regards to reduction of team members and wages, victimisation for asserting her statutory rights e.t.c. For all these breaches Julia is entitled to redress in the civil courts or the employment tribunals, in the form of damages for unfair dismissal and or wrongful dismissal by reason of constructive dismissal, redundancy e.t.c. The Employment rights Act 1996, the Employment Act 2002 and The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 cover unfair dismissal. Basically employees can be dismissed unfairly. Qualification for this right is by a working period of a year with the employers but there are exceptions, where; dismissal is connected to trade union membership or activities (Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992) pregnancy of childbirth, maternity, adoption, paternity or parental leave, asserting a statutory right, claiming the national minimum wage and asserting rights under the working time regulations. From these provisions, it is obvious that Julia qualifies for a claim on both the basis of a year qualification and automatically unfair reasons. The act mentions fair reasons for dismissals as; capability or qualifications, conduct, redundancy, illegality or contravention of a statutory duty and some other substantial reason. There is no fair reason to dismiss Julia it appears. An employer must act fairly and reasonably in dismissing an employee or may be faced with a successful claim for unfair dismissal regardless of fair reason for dismissal. The employers have not satisfied either of these criteria in Julia’s case. A constructive dismissal occurs when an employee leaves a job but then claims that their employers left them no choice but to do so, either by their actions or by implication. It is an unfair dismissal claim but the employee must prove that their employer’s behavior caused them to end the contract. Julia has every reason to institute unfair dismissal claim by reason of constructive dismissal because of the behavior of her employers. According to the trade union and labour relations consolidations act 1992, it is automatically unfair to dismiss an employee if they ‘indicated that they supported or did not support recognition of a union (or unions)’[48], clearly Julia did not support the union and may argue- on application for unfair dismissal- that she was victimized for this reason. If an employee proves this behavior, the employer becomes guilty of wrongful dismissal and if unable to prove that the forced dismissal was fair, they become liable for unfair dismissal too. Statutes now suggest that the employee must raise a grievance at least before bringing the claim to the tribunal, which would eliminate constructive dismissal and warn the employers.[49] Wrongful dismissal claim is for a breach of contract and can be brought by any employee, and only requires one month employment. Notice is required but depends largely on how long an employee has worked. After one month it is a week’s notice, after two years, it is one week’s notice for each complete year to a maximum of twelve weeks on and after twelve years. The remedies for unfair dismissal are reinstatement, re-engagement and compensatory award. Compensatory claim has two components, the basic award which takes the age of the employee into question and has no minimum limit and the compensatory award which provides what is just and equitable as compensation, having regard to the loss suffered as a result of dismissal. It is now a maximum of 55,000 pounds, but in dismissals rendered unfair under the public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, there is no limit.[50] For wrongful dismissal, the remedy are for breach of contract and is usually the [51]wages and benefits that the employee would have earned if due notice had been given (Radford v De Froberville[52], Shove v Downs Surgical plc[53]. The writer advices that Julia may firstly use the grievance procedure agreed on her contract first, but only if she feels comfortable with so doing, if not-and from the case scenario, it seems not- she still has a strong case for unfair dismissal regardless of the fact that she is ‘uncomfortable’ using the agreed grievance procedure-the tribunal will her reasons for ‘discomfort’ favorably. The suggested grievance procedure is taken favorably into account in granting awards for damages. The writer will also advice her that compensatory award for damages in the case of an unfair dismissal claim is more generous than for wrongful dismissal and she may apply on the basis of constructive dismissal because if successful-and it appears she will-the employer will be unable to prove that the dismissal was fair, and will incur damages for unfair dismissal. Damages are then awarded. She chooses between the employment tribunal and the civil courts, but the writer suggests she pursues this through the tribunal because of its less rigid procedures and costs. She must keep all records from the time of employment till the time of making the application, she must also be aware that there are time limits for bringing the claim to the tribunal but a generous time limit is given by the civil courts. The earlier the better for her because records and evidence do change. Bibliography Books A.McColgan, Discrimination Law; text, cases and materials 2nd edition P.CHANDLER, Wauds Employment Law: The Practical Guide for Human Resource 14th edition, J.Bowers, A practical approach to employment Law, seventh edition, oxford university press, New york,2005 G.Duddington,. John, Employment law, Pearson Education, 2003 GOULD, T. (2007) Unfair dismissal: a guide to relevant case law. 25th ed. London: LexisNexis Butterworths. GUINAN, G. (2007) Do dismissals by the book. People Management. Vol 13, No 18, 6 September. p22 Journal articles Vorste, G. School staff sacked for tying up student in classroom, published 15 February 2008 14:24 Consultation on the draft, Employment Equality (Age), Regulations 2006 Internet resources Writer unknown, Previous misconduct counts in dismissal decisions, viewed on 18 February 2008 11:00 http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2008/02/18/44427/case-of-the-week-previous-misconduct-counts-in-dismissal-decisions.html Writers unknown, employment law resources for practitioners, viewed 18 February 2008 14:00,http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects Writers unknown, employment law resources for practitioners, viewed 18 February 2008 15:00http://www.hrmguide.co.uk/hrm/steele/index-2007.htm Writers unknown, employment law resources for practitioners, viewed 18 February 2008 17:00http://www.hrmguide.co.uk/hrm/steele/index-2007.htm Writers unknown, employment law resources for practitioners, viewed 18 February 2008 14:00 http://books.google.co.uk/ Writers unknown, employment law resources for practitioners, viewed 18 February 2008 14:00http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file16397.pdf [1] http://www.berr.gov.uk/employment/employment-legislation/employment-guidance/page16161.html [2] J.Bowers, A practical approach to employment Law, seventh edition, oxford university press, New york,2005,p.45 [3] 1979) IRLR 5, [4][1981] IRLR 173 [5] 920010 IRLR 629 [6] Op. cit. [7] [1981] IRLR 457 at para 50 [8] (see parry v Holst and co.ltd.(1968) 3 ITR 317, Dal v A.A. Orr [1980] IRLR 413). [9] CC[1984] IRLR 6 [10] [1987] IRLR 516 [11] [1981] IRLR 477 [12] [1988] IRLR 305 [13] [1996] IRLR 119 [14] [1982] IRLR 183 [15] [1993] IR 644 [16] [1990] ICR 39 [17] [1978] ICR 15 EAT [18] Op.cit. [19] (no.2) [1970} 1 QB 186 [20] J.Bowers, A practical approach to employment Law, seventh edition, oxford university press, New york,2005,p.46-49 [21] [1974] ICR 373 [22] [1984] IRLR 419 [23] [1987] IRLR 516 [24] [1986] ICR 846). [25] J.Bowers, A practical approach to employment Law, seventh edition, oxford university press, New york,2005,p.46-49 [26] [1997] IRLR 488 [27] J.Bowers, A practical approach to employment Law, seventh edition, oxford university press, New york,2005,p.46-49 [28] [2000] IRLR 766 [29] 1991] IRLR 188 [30] [1998] IRLR 35 [31] [2003] IRLR 672 [32] [1991] RRLR 118[1991] ICR 269 [33] p1996] IRLR 521 [34] J.Bowers, A practical approach to employment Law, seventh edition, oxford university press, New york,2005,p.80-81 [35] 199] IRLR 112, CA [36] [1992] ICR 99 [37] [1993] ICR 371 [38] [1992] ICR 337 [39] 1992] ICR 836 [40] http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=806 [41] Discrimination Law: Text, Cases and Materials By Aileen McColgan [42] 1988] ICR 534 [43] ( [1999] IRLR 572 [44]200 ICR 1234 [45] [2001] IRLR 830 [46] 2002] IRLR [47] consultation on the draft employment equality (age) regulations 2006 (July 2005) [48] http://www.berr.gov.uk/employment/employment-legislation/employment-guidance/page16161.html [49] ibid [50] J.Bowers, A practical approach to employment Law, seventh edition, oxford university press, New york,2005 page392-394 [51] Ibid. Pg page299 [52] (1977) 1 WLR 1262 [53] (1984) IRLR 17

Essay --

Introduction: Since ancient times, human had two types of energy. The two types are conventional energy and renewable energy. At that times with the available knowledge which guided human to use solar, wind and water energy which are named as renewable energy. Renewable energy defined as the energy which produced daily from nature itself without any direct cause by humans or life creatures. The second type of energy is the non-renewable or the conventional type which is the energy kind which cannot be recreated and it is created from very long time by creature’s bodies such oil, gas and coal. 1. Discuss and write about the conventional sources of energy that is widely utilized in Oman and provide examples with statistics. Nowadays the common used energy is the conventional type. It is used all over the world widely. In Oman it is the main source of energy and economy where it generates the production of the secondary type of energy like electricity. All the modern life at all its sides and faces they depend in oil and gas only. The discovery of oil was in 1962 while the production started on the end of 1960s. Oman production of oil is about 924,000 barrels per day according to 2012 statistics. Oman consumes 124,000 barrels for entire use and the rest for export. Gas production in the same line with oil always it reached up to 936.55 billion cubic feet while the exported amount is 317 billion cubic feet only. Coal production still not utilized as a main source. Oman needs extra and extra energy year after year, all that because of the development and the rise on the population. For example between 2000 and 2010 the amount of electricity which is produced for Oman entire use increased from 8.6 to 18.6.g igawatts. As a modern l... ... for green life and for modern ways to protect all the nature resources. Renewable energy is the future of all life not only the energy because it has no side effect, and no limits for its availability. The renewable energy will be large industry same as oil and gas but it will be much easier and safer. Conclusion: References: 1. Oman’s renewable energy potential - solar and wind | Norton Rose Fulbright. 2013. Oman’s renewable energy potential - solar and wind | Norton Rose Fulbright. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/75892/omans-renewable-energy-potential-solar-and-wind. [Accessed 29 November 2013]. 2. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2013. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=mu. [Accessed 29 November 2013].

The Destructors :: Literary Analysis, Graham Greene

The gang members in Graham Greene’s â€Å"The Destructors† are catastrophic young children and teenagers who are unfortunately being greatly affected by their surroundings. Placed in wartime London, their town is in rubble from bombings. Peer pressure is no help when a destructive surrounding and vulnerable ages are strongly influencing the instinctive human behavior of the members, which causes many of their horrific actions. The characters of Greene’s short story are different in their own way. Mike is a childish young boy â€Å"at the age of nine [who] was surprised by everything† (50). Trevor, better known as T, comes off to be one of the nicer and more hushed boys in ‘the gang’. â€Å"†¦there were possibilities about his brooding silence that all recognised† (50). Blackie was the gang member who worried that T. was too classy for the gang. â€Å"†¦he was anxious to retain T. in the gang if he could. It was the word ‘beautiful’ that worried him- that belonged to a class world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (53). However, as the story progresses it comes to be known that Blackie has taken T to be something he is not. The gang meeting â€Å"every morning in an impromptu car-park, the site of the last bomb of the first blitz† has a great impact on their actions. The destruction of the town around them leads T to propose the destruction of a neighboring house which belonged to a man known as Old Misery. Blackie begins to appear to be the more civil of the two boys when he argues against T’s proposition saying â€Å"We’d go to jug† and â€Å"We wouldn’t have time† (53). Greene even writes â€Å"Blackie said uneasily, ‘It’s proposed that tomorrow and Monday we destroy Old Misery’s house’† (53). When the gang votes to follow through with the destruction, Blackie even contemplates giving up his leadership. â€Å"He thought of going home, of never returning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (54). However, he gave into the pressure of wanting to belong to this gang and hold onto his leadership. After all, he had nowhere else to go. â€Å"Driven by the pure, simple and altruistic ambition of fame for the gang, Blackie came back to where T. stood in the shadow of Misery’s wall† (54). Not only does the rubble influence the children to act out, but it also desensitizes them, along with the residents of the town. This is shown very clearly when T. replies â€Å"Of course I don’t hate him†¦ there’d be no fun if I hated him†¦ all this hate and love†¦ it’s soft, it’s hooey.

Sublime Elements in Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel Essay

     Ã‚   The novel Like Water for Chocolate, published in 1989, was written by Laura Esquivel who is of Spanish heritage. She lives in Mexico, and Like Water for Chocolate was her first novel. I feel that in the story Laura Esquivel gives a lot of magical elements that are treated as real in order to evoke emotions about love, but it also employs many features of sublime literature. In Like Water for Chocolate, a girl named Tita was born. When she was first born, it mentions that she was literally washed into this world on a great tide of tears that spilled over the edge of the table and flooded across the kitchen floor (6). This occurrence appears to be a magical element rather than the sublime. A baby cannot be washed into the world. Therefore, I feel that it is magical. Another magical realist element is that when Tita was born, Nacha swept up the residue the tears had left on the red stone floor. On the floor was enough salt to fill a ten-pound sack that was used for cooking and lasted a long time (7). This element is more magical than sublime because this happening can not occur. However, it is a good example of sublime literature because it illustrates Longinus' notion of accumulation as a feature of sublime language. The salt from Tita's birth definitely dealt with accumulation. In addition, in Like Water for Chocolate, when Tita was making her sister Rosaura's wedding cake a magical element occurred. She was making her sister's wedding cake, and at the same time, she was thinking of Pedro with whom she was in love with and who was marrying her sister. As she was thinking of Pedro, she began to cry. While she was crying, a tear drop went into the cake, and she was afraid that it messed up the meringue. The moment... ...elements. I did not notice many realist elements in the story Like Water for Chocolate. However, the realist elements did not relate to the sublime as well as the magical elements did. That the sublime is not used as much in writing. I feel that the sublime needs to be more fulfilled for people to understand it better. There are many articles that a person can find on the sublime, and it would be a new, enjoyable experience to learn some information on something new in life. Works Cited Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate. New York. Doubleday, 1989. Simpkins, Scott. "Sources of Magic Realism/Supplements to Realism in Contemporary Latin American Literature." Magical Realism. Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durkham, N. C: Duke UP, 1995, 150. Longinus. On the Sublime. Cambridge. Harvard UP, 1995.   

My values

It has been reiterated from our class discussions that values are the things that really matter to us. (Lopper, 2006) And, as we further discussed this subject, we have discovered that it really has a big influence on our wants and needs. Our values guide us to make decision and even how to run our everyday lives. In assessing our wants and needs, we are unconsciously contributing betterment or demise to the world. So, it is important to channel in to our inner selves to know what really want and need so that in the end, we will find the things that we most cherish and cultivate it to add some goodness in the world. Our values can either be our belief, our principles and sometimes, even our family. Even voicing out your opinion is considered a value. Now, as I sit and write the values that I treasure most, I found out that aside from my family, I also deeply care about the environment and love. As clichà © as it may sound, we should take care of our environment because after all, we are all going to benefit from it and our future children as well. With the onset of technology and our desire to acquire what is the latest, it is heartbreaking to know that a lot of trees, tribes, etc. must be sacrificed just to have out wants. But, to compensate for our advancing technology, it is also glad to know that we are now beginning to take into considerations the environment—this can be best epitomized by the commercialization of the hybrid cars and the abundance of solar-generating houses in some parts of the world. Still, there are â€Å"quite† parts of the world wherein we continue to manipulate their resources so that we can have our personal satisfaction and gains. Now, from what I have learned from our discussions, all I can say is that, we should all make an effort, no matter how small it is, to make this world a little cleaner. For my part, I have started doing so through my small ways like throwing my trash in the trashcan (or if ever there is no trashcan, I make sure that I keep it in my pocket and dispose it in our house) and religiously segregating the biodegradables from the non-biodegradables. Also, I started to make a compost pit at our house so that I can grow organic vegetables in the future. Lastly, I tell smokers to quit the habit because it only adds up to air pollution. As for the other value that I treasure most, it is so overrated but if we analyze it thoroughly, it is surprising to know that we can only achieve the things that we want in this world (i.e. peace, justice, unity, etc.) if we love ourselves enough. I believe that if we love ourselves enough, it is the only time that we can share that love and consequently, build respect for others. And with respect, there comes understanding and then justice and peace. It is a very extraordinary concept but it just all boil into that. I also have to emphasize that this love that I deeply value is not filial in nature but for the greater good. And, as a first step in achieving this idealistic want (or need), I must admit that I do not have enough love with me to share with others but I am starting to gather love by knowing myself more and talking to my inner self more often and appreciating the value of everything that I see and treasure. The two values that I treasure most seem conventional but the way I see it, there is nothing too conventional if we want to have a better world. As said in our discussions, we should know our wants and needs because it leads to some make-or-brake decisions in our lives and in the course of the world as well. We all want and definitely need a better world and we can achieve this through the values that are instilled in us or our beliefs and principles that we genuinely cherish. After all, all our values should be for the improvement of ourselves and for others. And I believe that for us to have a better living environment, it must start from ourselves. In conclusion, for us to have a better world and a proper knowledge of ourselves, it is imperative to have a step-by-step procedure to achieve those desires and these can be done even in the most modest ways. And these steps will only begin from us if we only consider our wants and needs and integrate it to our values but we have to keep in mid that these values should be for the benefit of us. REFERENCES: Lopper, J. (2006). What are values? [Electronic Version]. Retrieved September 27, 2007 from http://personaldevelopment.suite101.com/article.cfm/what_are_values_.